Cambridge Civic Journal Forum

October 24, 2011

Oct 24, 2011 Cambridge City Council Agenda Highlights – Pre-Election Posturing

Filed under: 2011 Election,City Council — Tags: , , — Robert Winters @ 1:00 am

Oct 24, 2011 Cambridge City Council Agenda Highlights – Pre-Election Posturing

Anyone who has attended a recent Cambridge City Council meeting (or any candidate forums) will have noticed the pre-election posturing and efforts to capitalize on controversy. This meeting will most likely bring more of the same. One topic that was at the heart of last week’s posturing is the Bishop Petition that aims to amend the zoning in the vicinity of the Fawcett properties adjacent to the former rail line where the Linear Park now runs in North Cambridge.

Unfinished Business #9. A communication was received from D. Margaret Drury, City Clerk, transmitting a report from Councillor Sam Seidel, Chair of the Ordinance Committee for a public meeting held on Sept 7, 2011 to consider a petition filed by Julia Bishop et al., to amend Section 17.20 of the Zoning Ordinance – Regulations for Special District 2, located in North Cambridge along Linear Park. Proposed amendments include: deletion of allowed non-residential uses; reduction in allowed Floor Area Ratio; increase in required lot area per dwelling unit; reduction in allowed height; new regulations for fences abutting Linear Park.

The Planning Board deliberated on the Bishop Petition on Tuesday, Oct 18. Though there is not yet a Planning Board report before the City Council, it was clear at that meeting that the Planning Board felt that the current zoning was not broken and that the existing tools were sufficient to shape whatever projects are proposed in that area. At last week’s City Council meeting, the Council did vote to discharge the petition from the Ordinance Committee to bring it before the City Council, but Councillor Kelley’s attempt to also move the petition to a 2nd Reading (a necessary step before advertising it and bringing it to a final vote) were soundly rebuffed 8-1. Though in this pre-election setting many councillors voiced their support of the petition, the rhetoric was much closer to that of the Planning Board in its expression that the best solution should go beyond merely changing the zoning.

Unfinished Business #10. A communication was received from D. Margaret Drury, City Clerk, transmitting a report from Councillor Sam Seidel, Chair of the Ordinance Committee for a public meeting held on Sept 7, 2011 to consider a petition to amend the Zoning Ordinance filed by Elizabeth deRham et al. The petition proposes an amendment to Section 9.16 of the Zoning which currently provides for a $100 per violation per day fine upon conviction of said violation. The amendment would provide for a fine not to exceed the maximum specified in M.G.L. Ch 40A sec.7, currently $300 per violation per day and would allow the fine to be levied at the discretion of the Superintendent of Buildings. The question comes on passing to be ordained on or after Oct 31, 2011.

My suspicion is that this petition may ultimately pass – possibly before Election Day. Though the Bishop Petition has drawn the most attention, the deRham Petition was filed at the same time by essentially the same people. Politically, there may be some wisdom in passing this less controversial one before Election Day if indeed the intention is to invest the necessary time to get a better resolution of the underlying issues that motivated the Bishop Petition.

Order #4. That the City of Cambridge hereby joins other communities across the country and calls upon the United States Congress to pass and send to the states for ratification, a constitutional amendment to reverse Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission and to restore constitutional rights and fair elections to the people.   Mayor Maher

This may be the first example I’ve witnessed of the Cambridge City Council explicitly endorsing an amendment to the United States Constitution. The merits of the proposal notwithstanding, the suggestion that this will "restore constitutional rights and fair elections to the people" is woefully naive. While many people correctly complain about the corrosive influence of money in politics, where is the civic education that’s necessary for a well-functioning democracy? The national political media features the nitwits on Fox News propagandizing from the Right, and the nitwits on MSNBC propagandizing from the Left. These and talk radio are what passes today as civic education. Meanwhile the average voter is busy watching American Idol while their national elected representatives spend the majority of their time fundraising for their reelection. Focusing on the Citizens United court decision is a distraction from much more significant problems in sustaining democracy both nationally and locally.

Order #5. Amendment to Zoning Ordinances by deleting Section 6.22.2   Councillor Kelley

It’s unfortunate that the text of Councillor Kelley’s Order provides no clue at all as to why this amendment is being proposed other than its claim "to mitigate development and parking pressures in Cambridge neighborhoods." Perhaps Kelley will explain the motivation. A few additional "whereases" in the Order would have helped.

Order #6. That the City Manager is requested to report back on legal expenses incurred by the City for the Monteiro case and related cases.   Councillor Kelley

A handful of activists and sympathizers have been pushing this as though it is the be-all-end-all issue in the upcoming municipal election. It is not. This Order calls for an accounting of the outside legal expenses for the Monteiro case, etc.; the cost of the appeals; the cost of the settlements related to each of the parties in the original ZuckerNaut of lawsuits; the amount of money paid to Malvina Monteiro; and a report on what issues are still considered confidential and why. Ultimately it will be good to have this full story told. However, the full story should also include the background information on the functioning (or lack of functioning) of the City departments and boards over whom some of the litigants presided. The deluxe edition of the book might also include some of the political motivations as well.

This meeting will also feature a presentation from the Reeves committee (excuse me, the Red Ribbon Commission, etc.) on Central Square – well timed to occur two weeks before the election. Time will tell what the next few years will bring to Central Square. There are some who would choose to turn it into a 24-hour entertainment zone. Others want to build densely on every available parcel. It is doubtful whether the report from the Reeves committee will reveal anything particularly world-shaking. In the end, the good health of Central Square will still be determined by the individuals – residents, business owners, and property owners – who have a personal stake in the Central Square area. – Robert Winters


I received an inquiry over the weekend about incumbent city councillors who were not reelected. Since the beginning of the Plan E era (since 1941), here is the chronology of these unfortunate incumbents:

Candidate 1st elected defeated Notes Candidate 1st elected defeated Notes
Thomas McNamara 1941 1943 after 1st term Daniel Hayes 1957 1969  
William Hogan 1941 1943 after 1st term Henry Owens 1971 1973 after 1st term
James Cassidy 1941 1945   David Wylie 1967 1975  
Thomas McNamara 1941 1947   Daniel Clinton 1967 1977  
James Casey 1945 1947 after 1st term Barbara Ackermann 1967 1977  
Francis L. Sennott 1941 1949   Leonard Russell 1973 1977  
Thomas McNamara 1941 1951 later replaced
Francis Sennott
David Clem 1975 1977 after 1st term
W. Donnison Swan 1945 1953   Mary Ellen Preusser 1977 1979 after 1st term
Chester Higley 1949 1953   Lawrence Frisoli 1977 1979 after 1st term
Marcus Morton, Jr. 1953 1955 also elected
1941, 1943
David Wylie 1967 1983  
Charles Watson 1953 1959   Daniel Clinton 1967 1985  
John D. Lynch 1941 1961   Alfred LaRosa 1985 1985 had replaced
Leonard Russell
Thomas McNamara 1941 1961   Thomas Danehy 1967 1989  
Cornelia Wheeler 1957 1961 later replaced
Guy Belin
Edward Cyr 1989 1993  
Andrew Trodden 1959 1965   Katherine Triantifillou 1993 1999  
Thomas Coates 1963 1967   David Maher 1999 2005 later replaced
Michael Sullivan
William Maher 1965 1967 after 1st term Larry Ward 2009 2009 had replaced
Brian Murphy

October 20, 2011

Proposed State Senate and House Districts for Cambridge

Filed under: elections — Tags: — Robert Winters @ 11:21 am

Proposed State Senate Districts
Proposed State Senate Districts for Cambridge

Proposed State Representative Districts
Proposed State Representative Districts for Cambridge

September 27, 2011

Calendar of Cambridge Candidate Forums and Events – 2011

Filed under: 2011 Election,elections — Tags: — Robert Winters @ 10:30 am

Calendar of Cambridge Candidate Forums and Events – 2011

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY
July 31 Aug 1
Deadline for submitting
nominating signatures
2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13
14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 Aug 23
Davis Kickoff, 6pm
24 25 26 27
28 29 30 Aug 31
Ward 6 City Council Candidates Forum
at Senior Center, 7pm
Sept 1 2 3
Sept 4
Tauber kickoff, 3pm
5 Sept 6
Minka vanBeuzekom kickoff
7 Sept 8
Seidel kickoff, 6:30pm
9 10
11 12 13 14 Sept 15
Cheung kickoff
16 17
Sept 18
Turkel kickoff
19 20 21 22 23 24
25 26 Sept 27
East Cambridge City Council Candidates Forum
, 7:00-9:30pm, Multicultural Arts Center, Second St.). The Forum will be facilitated by a trained moderator from the League of Women Voters
28 29 30 Oct 1
2 3 4 Oct 5
School Committee Candidates Forum
at East End House (Spring St.), 7:30pm, moderated by Nancy Stiening of East Cambridge Planning Team
Oct 6
School Committee Candidates Forum
sponsored by Ward 6 Dems, YMCA, 820 Mass. Ave., 7-9pm
7 8
Oct 9 10 11 Oct 12
City Council Candidates’ Forum
, sponsored by MCNA (Mid-Cambridge Neighborhood Association), 7-9pm, Cambridge College, 1000 Mass. Ave.
School Committee Candidate Forum, 6:30-8:30pm, hosted by Cambridge Parent Advisory Council on Special Education, Cambridge Citywide Senior Center. Info: www.cambridgepacse.org
Oct 13
School Committee Candidates’ Forum
, sponsored by CFIN (Cambridge Family Information Network), 6:00pm, Cambridge Public Library Lecture Hall (moderated by Monica Brady-Myerov, Senior Reporter and Assistant Managing Editor at WBUR)
14 15
Oct 16 17 18 Oct 19
West Cambridge City Council Candidates Forum
, 7:00pm, Russell Youth Center, 680 Huron Avenue
20 21 22
23 24 Oct 25
City Council Candidates Forum
co-sponsored by CEOC, ACT (Association of Cambridge Tenants), MAPS (Mass. Alliance of Portuguese Speakers, and CCC (Cambridge Community Center), 6:00-8:30pm, Citywide Senior Center (806 Mass. Ave.)
Oct 26
West Cambridge School Committee Candidates Forum
sponsored Ward 9 Dem. Committee, 7:00pm, Russell Youth Center, 680 Huron Avenue
Oct 27
Area IV (City Council) Candidates Forum
, 6:30-9:00pm, Pisani Community Center, 131 Washington St. This forum is hosted by: Area IV Coalition, MFNH, Area IV for Peace, Port Action Group, and the Washington Elms/Newtowne Court Tenants Council.
28 29
30 31 Nov 1 Nov 2
City Council Candidates’ Night on Environmental and Energy Issues
, sponsored by Green Cambridge, at the YMCA Theatre, in Central Square, 6:30pm to 9pm, with 3 different time slots available for candidates.
3 4 5
6 7 Nov 8
ELECTION DAY

List any events (or corrections or additional details) as comments below and they will be added to the Calendar.

Find out about all the candidates at the Cambridge Candidate Pages.

August 3, 2011

Attention Candidates!

Filed under: 2011 Election,City Council,School Committee — Tags: , , — Robert Winters @ 8:44 am

Attention Candidates! – Now that the roster of candidates for this November’s municipal election is all set (Candidate Pages), the next step is to gather photos and information from all the candidates. A more formal request will go out soon, but submissions are welcome now. This includes:

a) Photos for the gallery and your individual candidate page.

b) Contact information, websites, Twitter and Facebook pages, where to send donations, etc.

c) Background information so that voters may be introduced to you or get to know you better.

d) Suggestions for topics on which all candidates will be asked to submit statements.

Look over the existing pages for 2011 and previous years (see links at bottom of the Candidate Pages) and send whatever you wish to Robert@rwinters.com or by mail to 366 Broadway, Cambridge, MA 02139. All of the information provided is very helpful to voters, journalists, and organizers of candidate forums and similar events. Don’t delay! – Robert Winters

Note: Any candidate who may be having second thoughts has until Wed, Aug 17, 5:00pm to submit a withdrawal of nomination to be removed from the ballot. Otherwise…. it’s Campaign Season!

All residents are welcome to submit suggestions for topics on which all candidates will be asked to submit statements.
You may submit them via e-mail or enter them here as comments.

July 1, 2011

2011 Cambridge Candidates, Office Sought, Nomination signatures filed and certified

Filed under: 2011 Election,City Council — Tags: , , — Robert Winters @ 3:29 pm

The deadline for submitting signatures was Monday, August 1, 5:00pm.

The following candidates failed to submit sufficient nominating signatures to qualify for the ballot:
City Council: Randy Fenstermacher, Michael Andelman, Charles McNeill.

Nomination Papers - 2011

CandidateOffice SoughtAddressSignatures SubmittedSignatures Certified*Notes
Cheung, LelandCity Council157 Garden St., 02138100 (July 1)92July 1
vanBeuzekom, MinkaCity Council20 Essex St., 0213975 (July 1), 25 (Aug 1)89July 1
Moree, GreggCity Council25 Fairfield St., 02140100 (July 25)74July 1
Marquardt, CharlesCity Council10 Rogers St., 0214158 (July 6), 18 (July 11)68July 1
Decker, MarjorieCity Council61 Walden St., 0214051 (July 5), 40 (July 22)83July 1
Toomey, TimCity Council88 Sixth St., 02141100 (July 5)100July 1
Reeves, Kenneth E.City Council340 Harvard St., 0213999 (July 26)83July 1
Mello, GaryCity Council324 Franklin St., 0213975 (July 20)67July 1
Nelson, MatthewCity Council108 Pine St., 02139100 (July 11)82July 1
Kelley, CraigCity Council6 St. Gerard Terr, 0214074 (July 15)69July 1
Seidel, SamCity Council48 Maple Ave., 0213993 (July 22)83July 1
Stohlman, TomCity Council19 Channing St., 0213897 (July 11)85July 1
Maher, David P.City Council120 Appleton St., 02138100 (July 19)95July 1
McGovern, MarcSchool Committee15 Pleasant St., 02139100 (July 13)90July 1
Harding, RichardSchool Committee187 Windsor St., 0213999 (July 22)95July 1
Fantini, Alfred B.School Committee4 Canal Pk #203, 02141100 (July 5)99July 1
Turkel, AliceSchool Committee12 Upton St., 02139100 (July 27)96July 1
Williamson, JamesCity Council1000 Jackson Place, 0214041 (July 11), 26 (July 25)60July 1
Holland, John J.School Committee26 Normandy Terr., 0213855 (Aug 1)52July 5
Simmons, DeniseCity Council188 Harvard St., 02139100 (July 22)82July 5
Ward, LarryCity Council372 Broadway, 0213970 (July 29)60July 5
Fenstermacher, Philip R.City Council50 Quincy St., 02138--July 5
Tauber, NancySchool Committee137 Chestnut St., 0213987 (July 22)76July 5
Andelman, Michael D.City Council34 Chatham St., 02139--July 6
Davis, HenriettaCity Council120 Chestnut St., 0213980 (July 12)67July 6
Gerber, JoyceSchool Committee10 Fairfield St., 0214070 (Aug 1)63July 6
Osborne, MervanSchool Committee149 Auburn St., 0213950 (July 27), 12 (July 29), 17 (Aug 1)67July 6
Nolan, PattySchool Committee184 Huron Ave., 0213850 (July 25), 13 (July 27)59July 11
McNeill, Charles J.City Council73 Hampshire St., 02139--July 19
Forster, BillSchool Committee244 Lexington Ave., 02138100 (July 29)90July 22
Stead, CharlesSchool Committee598 Putnam Ave., 0213992 (Aug 1)73July 22
Pascual, JamakeCity Council10 Laurel St. #5, 02139100 (Aug 1)50July 27
Glick, Silvia P.City Council135 Inman St., 02139100 (Aug 1) - withdraw (Aug 17)90July 28
List of candidates who pulled nomination papers for the 2011 Cambridge City Council or School Committee election

* Signatures are only unofficially certified by staff in the Election Commission office. Actual certification does not take place until August when the Election Commissioners vote to certify candidates. A minimum of fifty (50) certified signatures are required for a candidate’s name to be placed on the ballot.

2011 Cambridge Municipal Election Calendar

June 26, 2011

June 27, 2011 City Council Agenda Highlights – as the campaign season kicks off

Filed under: 2011 Election,City Council — Tags: , , — Robert Winters @ 12:48 pm

June 27, 2011 City Council Agenda Highlights – as the campaign season kicks off

This is the last meeting before the summer break. The City Council won’t convene again until Aug 1 and then not again until Sept 12. The agenda is light, but there could be extensive haggling over the proposed Section 5.28.2 zoning amendments (Unf. Bus #2 and Comm. Rpt. #2). There may also be some local and imported public testimony over Councillor Decker’s Big Bad Walmart Order. But first….

Manager’s Agenda #1. Transmitting communication from Robert W. Healy, City Manager, relative to Awaiting Report Item Number 11-70, regarding NBC violations.

The Order leading to this response really should have come a long time ago, but the prospect of a possible investigation by the Attorney General into this despicable breach of public trust is now very welcome. This is the story of a gesture from a developer to a neighborhood being twisted into a private income source by members of one family. The original 1998 agreement conveyed a 10,000 square foot parcel of land at 131 Harvard Street to the inappropriately named "Neighbors for a Better Community" (NBC) for $1 plus an initial monetary payment of $360,000 and additional payments to NBC of $710,000 spread over 10 years. The agreement required that the parcel be "a gift for public and charitable purposes" to be "used only for affordable housing, a gymnasium, community center, or a park, and accessory parking, or for any other community use approved by … the then record owner of 210 Broadway". None of these community benefits ever occurred. Furthermore, one Jonathan "Jay" Carroll appears to have paid himself at least $461,800 as "executive director" for doing essentially nothing. This is a crime, and Mr. Carroll should be prosecuted.

Unfinished Business #9. A communication was received from D. Margaret Drury, City Clerk, transmitting a report from Councillor Sam Seidel, Chair of the Ordinance Committee for a public hearing on May 5, 2011 for the purpose of considering proposed amendments submitted in response to City Council Order No.11 of Jan 24, 2011, in which the Council requested that Community Development Department (CDD) staff engage in a comprehensive review of Section 5.28.2, including the history of the use of the section for special permit applications for conversion of commercial and institutional uses to residential building, and the recent public conversations on this section of the Zoning Ordinance. The question comes on passing to be ordained on or after June 20, 2011. Planning Board hearing held May 10, 2011. Petition expires Aug 3, 2011.

Committee Report #2. A communication was received from D. Margaret Drury, City Clerk, transmitting a report from Councillor Sam Seidel, Chair of the Ordinance Committee for a public meeting held on June 15, 2011 to continue to consider proposed amendments submitted in response to City Council Order No.11 of Jan 24, 2011, in which the Council requested that Community Development Department (CDD) staff engage in a comprehensive review of Section 5.28.2.

What began as a clarification has become a fiasco. The well-intentioned efforts to make clearer what is and what is not permitted when certain institutional buildings are re-purposed as housing has led to what some activists are now characterizing as "city-wide upzoning". That’s probably not a fair characterization since greater constraints are being placed on what has been permitted under the current law, but the process has brought into greater focus what could potentially be built in the future at some of these sites.

Order #7. That this City Council go on record encouraging Dr. James Cash to speak out about the Supreme Court’s ruling on a controversial gender-discrimination case and to lobby executives at the world’s largest retailer to reform its policies and provide justice to its female employees.   Councillor Decker

This may well be a first – a city councillor filing an Order calling on a private citizen to speak out on a specific issue. It’s a good thing that the City Charter does not grant subpoena power to the City Council or we’d be hauling people in on the carpet every week. I can see it now – Councillor Decker grilling Mr. Cash with "Are you or have you ever been privy to managerial decisions at Walmart?" Perhaps we could draft a few blacklists while we’re at it. – Robert Winters

PS – Incumbents and challengers for seats on the City Council or School Committee can pick up Nomination Papers starting this Friday, July 1 at the Election Commission Office between 8:30am and 5:00pm (they’re staying open late). Come one, come all! [Municipal Election Calendar] Candidates must submit at least 50 certified signatures by Monday, August 1 at 5:00pm. If desired, I will personally escort any candidate to the Election Commission office in order to get there before the deadline. Don’t delay!

June 20, 2011

City of Cambridge – 2011 Final Re-Precincting Plan

Filed under: elections — Tags: — Robert Winters @ 3:32 pm

Press Release – Cambridge Election Commission – June 20, 2011

City of Cambridge

2011 Final Re-Precincting Plan

Every ten years after the Federal Census is complete, ward and precinct boundary lines are re-drawn to reflect changes in the City’s population and to anticipate the needs of the City’s election system for the next decade. This process is separate from the state legislature’s role to re-draw congressional boundaries along with the state senate and representative districts.

In 2000 there were 101,355 people living in Cambridge. By 2010 that number had increased 3.76% to 105,162. Because there has been uneven growth over the years in sections of the city, we were required, by law, to adjust the precinct lines city-wide to ensure that there is an even distribution of population across precincts. The target number was 3,187 people per precinct—the total number of residents divided by the number of precincts (105,162/33=3187). The law allows up to a 5% (+/-) variance for the number of residents per precinct. A goal was set by the Commission to use a smaller variance of 3%.

Although guided by law, the Board also factored into its considerations input from the public and other practicable concerns, such as: minimizing the need for voters to cross major thoroughfares, walking distance to polling locations and also minimizing change to existing precincts lines. The Board has successfully developed and approved a proposed plan that would allow voters in most areas to continue to go to the same polling places to cast their ballots as they have in the past.

The Board was required to vote on the proposed re-precincting by June 15, 2011. On June 15, 2011 the Board met and voted unanimously to approve the proposed re-precincting plan. The proposed re-precincting plan has been submitted to the Secretary of the Commonwealth (SOC). Once received, the SOC will transmit the proposed re-precincting plan to an independent commission consisting of three members known as the Local Election District Review Commission (LEDRC) for review. The LEDRC has the authority to accept or reject the plan.

It should be noted that the re-precincting changes would take effect on December 31, 2011 and therefore in time for the 2012 elections.

Final Proposal showing new Cambridge wards & precincts

June 13, 2011

Voter Choice Local Option Proposal

Filed under: elections — Tags: — Robert Winters @ 9:37 am

A bill was filed (January 2011) in the Massachusetts State Legislature that would permit cities and towns in Massachusetts to adopt Instant Runoff Voting using ranked choice ballots in their local elections. This local option could be adopted for single winner elections and/or multi-seat (at-large) elections such as a city council or school committee.

How do people feel about this enabling legislation? Bear in mind that this proposal would not impose any changes to any local elections. It would simply grant the right to Massachusetts cities and towns to adopt ranked choice voting without having to file a home rule petition for a Special Act of the legislature. More information is available at http://voterchoicema.org. The text of the bill follows.

Voter Choice Local Option Proposal (January 2011)

HD 02026: An Act Providing a Local Option for Instant Runoff Voting in City or Town Elections

SECTION 1: Section 44A of chapter 43 of the General Laws, as appearing in the 2008 Official Edition, is hereby amended by striking out, in line 7, the words "section forty-four G" and inserting in place thereof the words "sections 44G and 103R".

SECTION 2: Section 77 of chapter 54 of the General Laws, as appearing in the 2008 Official Edition, is hereby amended by striking out, in line 5, the words "section thirty-three E" and inserting in place thereof the words "sections 33E and 103R".

SECTION 3: Chapter 54 is hereby further amended by inserting after section 103Q the following section:-

Section 103R. Instant Runoff Voting in city or town elections

(a) Notwithstanding any other general or special law to the contrary, any city or town may conduct a local election using instant runoff voting in which voters rank the candidates for an office in order of preference. Instant runoff voting elections may be used for single-winner elections, such as Mayor, or for elections that elect multiple candidates to office, such as city council. Instant runoff voting elections are tabulated in rounds using the "single transferable vote" method. Winning thresholds shall be calculated based on the number of countable votes and the number of seats to be filled. General provisions for either single-winner elections or multiple-winner elections shall be specified by ordinance, provided that a person’s lower ranked choices shall not harm the likelihood of their higher ranked choices becoming elected. Such ordinances shall be enacted by the municipality’s legislative body, be it a city council, board of alderman, board of selectmen, or town meeting, and the body shall request the input of the community’s registrars of voters and town clerk or city election commissioners. The ordinance shall specify at a minimum the method of calculating winning thresholds, how candidates with the fewest votes shall be eliminated before a subsequent round of the tally, how votes for eliminated candidates shall be transferred to the voter’s next valid choice, how ties shall be dealt with, how ballots that skip a ranking or otherwise are mismarked shall be counted, and in the case of multi-seat contests, how surplus votes above the winning threshold for a candidate shall be transferred to alternate choices. Preliminary elections shall not be held in cities and towns using instant runoff voting for all offices that would otherwise require preliminary elections.

(b) A voting method authorized by this section may be adopted by any of the following:

(1) By approval of a ballot measure submitted to the voters by the governing body of the city or town at a regular or special election.

(2) By initiative ordinance or charter amendment.

(c) Any city or town using a instant runoff voting method shall conduct a voter education and outreach campaign to familiarize voters with ranked voting.

(d) The instant runoff voting ballot shall allow voters to rank as many choices as there are candidates. In the event that the voting equipment cannot feasibly accommodate a number of rankings on the ballot equal to the number of candidates, town registrars of voters or city election commissioners may limit the number of choices a voter may rank to the maximum number allowed by the equipment. If there are three or more candidates, this limit shall never be less than three.

(e) The ballot shall not interfere with a voter’s ability to rank at least one write-in candidate. For the purposes of this section, a mark for an unqualified write-in candidate shall not be considered a mark for a candidate.

(f) After four years, a city or town which has adopted instant runoff voting may choose to return to its prior voting method by any of the following:

(1) By approval of a ballot measure submitted to the voters by the governing body of the city or town at a regular or special election.

(2) By an initiative ordinance or charter amendment.

SECTION 4: This act shall take effect upon its passage.

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