Cambridge Civic Journal Forum

October 27, 2022

Cambridge City Charter Review – Resources

Cambridge City Charter Review

Resources for those who wish to objectively view the history and evolution of the charter
of the City of Cambridge from 1846 to the present and possible modifications for the future.

http://rwinters.com/CharterReview/

Cambridge City Charter Study Group

I would like to informally gather a group of concerned Cambridge residents to form a Study Group to better understand the Cambridge City Charter – past, present, and future – in detail. What are the strengths and weaknesses of the current Charter? How did we come to have the current (Plan E) Charter? What improvements to the governmental form and election methods might be advisable? [References]

This Study Group would be separate from the “official” Cambridge Charter Review Committee that was recently appointed by several city councillors. Among other things, this group can monitor the official review committee, discuss and critique any proposals coming from that committee, and independently propose alternatives. If you are interested, please let me know. – Robert Winters

original proposed 1846 Charter
(this is not the same as what was
passed and sent to Cambridge voters!)
1846 Charter w/amendments through 1890 appended
(as approved by Legislature and Cambridge Town Meeting)
1891 Charter 1915 (Plan B) Charter 1940 (Plan E) Charter
(as amended)
M.G.L. Chapter 43: CITY CHARTERS
M.G.L. Chapter 43B: HOME RULE PROCEDURES
M.G.L. Chapter 43C: OPTIONAL FORMS OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION ACT

City SealThe official Charter Review Committee now has a website: https://www.cambridgema.gov/charterreview
This page has links to the recordings of all of the meetings held so far.


How best to distribute political power in Portland? Fault lines erupt over charter ballot proposal (The Oregonian, Sept 18, 2022)
Yeah – I’m quoted in the article. – RW


Additional Resources

House No. 13 – An Act to establish the city of Cambridge – 1846 (HTML – this is not the same as what was passed and sent to Cambridge voters! House No. 13 – An Act to establish the city of Cambridge – 1846 (PDF – scan retrieved via Google) – not the same as final version adopted by voters March 30, 1846
Original 1846 Charter w/amendments through 1890 appended (HTML) – See Note below Original 1846 Charter w/amendments through 1890 appended (PDF) – scan from Revised Ordinances 1892, published by City of Cambridge – adopted by voters March 30, 1846 – See Note below
Note: with Amendments of 1853 (adopted Dec 5, 1853); Amendments of 1857 (adopted May 1, 1857); Amendments of 1867 (adopted Nov 5, 1967); Amendments of 1869 (adopted Nov 2, 1869); Amendments of 1870 (adopted by City Council); Amendments of 1873-A (adopted by City Council); Amendments of 1873-B (adopted by City Council); Amendments of 1877 (adopted by City Council March 14, 1877); Amendments of 1878 (adopted by City Council); Amendments of 1890 (adopted by City Council May 3, 1890)
1891 Charter of the City of Cambridge (HTML)
– adopted by voters Dec 8, 1891
1891 Charter of the City of Cambridge (PDF) – scan from Revised Ordinances 1892, published by City of Cambridge) – adopted by voters Dec 8, 1891
1911 Proposed Charter (scan from original pamphlet of Cambridge Charter Association) – not approved by voters – 5272 For, 6073 Against
Chart from 1911 Charter Proposal     Inside front cover of 1911 Charter Proposal pamphlet     Insert from 1911 Charter Proposal pamphlet
1915 Charter (Plan B) from Mass. General Laws, Chapter 43 – adopted by voters Nov 2, 1915
1938 Mass. House Report of the Special Commission on Taxation and Public Expenditures – Part X (City Manager Government and Proportional Representation), Feb 25, 1938 – scanned from original
Plan E Charter (as amended through 2021)
defeated in Nov 8, 1938 municipal election: 19955 For, 21722 Against (47.9%-52.1%), 4615 Blanks
approved in Nov 5, 1940 municipal election: Nov 7 Cambridge Chronicle reports 25875 For, 18323 Against (58.5%-41.5%), 7513 Blanks
Spreadsheet of votes in 1938 and 1940 elections to adopt Plan E
M.G.L. Chapter 43: CITY CHARTERS
M.G.L. Chapter 43B: HOME RULE PROCEDURES
M.G.L. Chapter 43C: OPTIONAL FORMS OF MUNICIPAL ADMINISTRATION ACT
Mass. General Laws Chapter 54A (Proportional Representation)     PDF version Rules for Counting Ballots (1941 pamphlet from Cambridge Election Commission)
Political History of Cambridge in the 20th Century – by Glenn Koocher (Nov 2004); edited by Robert Winters (July 2006)
[An alternate edit of this essay appeared, along with many other valuable essays, in a centennial volume published by the Cambridge Historical Society in 2007.]
The Advent of PR in Cambridgeoriginally published in the Cambridge Civic Journal on Feb 12, 1998
HOW TO BREAK A POLITICAL MACHINE – Collier’s Magazine, Jan 31, 1948 (posted Sept 24, 2020, updated Mar 27, 2021)

In case you were wondering about how to make Cambridge’s PR elections independent of how the ballots are counted…

Election Method Comparison – STV/Cincinnati vs. Fractional Transfer – 2021 Cambridge City Council Election (posted Jan 15, 2022)

Plan E Cambridge City Councils – At A Glance (Mayor in bold)Comments?

Plan E Cambridge School Committees (and Mayors) At A GlanceComments?

Cambridge PR Election Archive
Sept 21, 2020 City Council meeting notes – CCJ Forum (see comment at end)

Sept 23, 2020 Special City Council meeting w/Collins Center:   Agenda/Materials    meeting video (includes links to documents/presentation)

Mar 22, 2021 City Council meeting notes – CCJ Forum (see Communications & Reports #2)  Communication from Mayor Siddiqui re: Collins Center
[Siddiqui memo] [Collins Center 1st memo (Mar 11, 2021)] [Appendices]

May 3, 2021 City Council meeting notes – CCJ Forum (see Communication & Reports #2 at end – memo provided only after meeting was held)
[Collins Center 2nd memo (Apr 28, 2021)]

May 26, 2021 Special City Council meeting w/Collins Center – Agenda (there was no advance notice of this meeting, and it was canceled)

June 2, 2021 Special City Council meeting on Charter Review w/Collins Center:    meeting video

Ad Hoc Selection Committee Announces 15 Charter Review Committee Members (July 1, 2022)

15-member review team to take first look at the Cambridge town charter (July 13, 2022, Cambridge Chronicle)

May 25, 1907 Cambridge Chronicle – “The ‘new charter’ has been abandoned”
 
May 25, 1907 Cambridge Chronicle - part 1
 
May 25, 1907 Cambridge Chronicle - part 2

September 7, 2022

Cambridge InsideOut Episodes 561-562: September 6, 2022

Episode 561 – Cambridge InsideOut: Sept 6, 2022 (Part 1)

This episode was recorded on Sept 6, 2022 at 6:00pm. Topics: Primary Election Day; 1st day of work for City Manager Yi-An Huang; Council returns next week; Covid updates; Central Square revives – amidst challenges; Linkage, Incentive Zoning, and perverse incentives. Hosts: Patrick Barrett, Robert Winters [On YouTube] [audio]


Episode 562 – Cambridge InsideOut: Sept 6, 2022 (Part 2)

This episode was recorded on Sept 6, 2022 at 6:30pm. Topics: Charter review and charter reform, history of Cambridge charters 1846-present, causes for change, influence of councillors by proxy; legislators nibbling at executive role; strong mayor = less democracy, less access; upcoming events. Hosts: Patrick Barrett, Robert Winters [On YouTube] [audio]

[Materials used in these episodes]

January 19, 2022

Cambridge InsideOut Episodes 533-534: January 18, 2022

Episode 533 – Cambridge InsideOut: Jan 18, 2022 (Part 1)

This episode was recorded on Jan 18, 2022 at 6:00pm. Topics: Police Commissioner Christine Elow and some history of Chief vs. Commissioner; optimistic Covid update; bikes & buses – controversy and alternatives; ideology within Community Development Department; future prospects. Hosts: Judy Nathans, Robert Winters
[On YouTube] [audio]


Episode 534 – Cambridge InsideOut: Jan 18, 2022 (Part 2)

This episode was recorded on Jan 18, 2022 at 6:30pm. Topics: Filibuster and the value of slow legislation; Charter questions – past, present, and future; Envision history; Charter Change while seeking new City Manager, City Clerk (and City Auditor); proportional representation (PR) realities and distortions by single-issue politics; role of planning within CDD vs. responding to partisan petitions; PR revisions for fractional transfers should be part of future Charter revision discussions. Hosts: Judy Nathans, Robert Winters [On YouTube] [audio]

[Materials used in these episodes]

June 21, 2021

Chartering a Course to Nowhere – Featured Items on the June 21, 2021 Cambridge City Council Agenda

Chartering a Course to Nowhere – Featured Items on the June 21, 2021 Cambridge City Council Agenda

SS MinnowAs we wend our way to a summer without masks, with more fun, and with (hopefully) less Zoom, we are also fast approaching the day (July 1) when municipal election candidates may pick up nomination papers and start collecting signatures in their quest to represent or misrepresent the citizens of Cambridge. Meanwhile, up at the virtual Sullivan Chamber (could you bozos PLEASE get off Zoom and start meeting in person?) there are these items up for consideration on the summer solstice:

Manager’s Agenda #1. A communication transmitted from Louis A. DePasquale, City Manager, relative to an update on COVID-19 vaccination rollout.
Placed on File 9-0

Communications & Reports #3. A communication was received from Mayor Sumbul Siddiqui, transmitting questions for the COVID-19 Update.
Placed on File 9-0

Unfinished Business #5. Amending City Council Rules for Remote Participation. [ADOPTED IN COUNCIL JUNE 14, 2021; MUST BE ADOPTED AGAIN IN COUNCIL JUNE 21, 2021 PURSUANT OF RULE 36B]
Adopted 9-0

Permitting remote public comment is a good thing, but not if it’s just script-reading orchestrated via social media. As for councillors meeting remotely, if you’re physically able to show up you should show up.


Manager’s Agenda #3. Transmitting Communication from Louis A. DePasquale, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of $1,000,000 from Free Cash, to the Public Investment Fund School Department Extraordinary Expenditures account to conduct a comprehensive review and assessment of our older elementary school buildings in the City.
Order Adopted 8-0-1 (JSW – Absent)

Manager’s Agenda #6. Transmitting Communication from Louis A. DePasquale, City Manager, relative to a request for authorization of a spending limit of $1,900,000 for Fiscal Year 2022, for the Renewable Energy and Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Reduction revolving fund (Revolving Fund), pursuant to Chapter 3.24 of the Municipal Ordinance titled “Departmental Revolving Funds”.
Order Adopted 9-0


Manager’s Agenda #8. A communication transmitted from Louis A. DePasquale, City Manager, relative to Awaiting Report Item Number 20-37, regarding renaming the Central Square Library. [June 21, 2021 Law Department response]
Placed on File 9-0

Essentially, the authority to rename a City library building rests with the Library Board of Trustees appointed by the City Manager and ultimately with the City Manager. The City Council Order has been heard and Library officials and the City Manager will now establish a task force to determine how best to proceed.

Order #4. That the City Manager is requested to work with all appropriate City Departments to issue a second RFP that will work in conjunction with the current RFP, to assess the feasibility of building housing above the Central Square Library, and this RFP should include information on funding possibilities.   Councillor McGovern, Vice Mayor Mallon, Councillor Simmons, Mayor Siddiqui
Adopted as Amended 9-0

This is rapidly turning into a competition for who can propose the largest changes for the Central Square library at the greatest cost. One councillor last week even proposed a 19-story subsidized housing project for the site. Another suggested eliminating the Green Street Garage completely based on the belief that cars will soon be disappearing.


Communications & Reports #1. A communication was received from Mayor Siddiqui and Councillor Simmons transmitting information about the community process for changing the name of Agassiz / Neighborhood 8. [Agassiz neighborhood Council letter]
Accept Report, Placed on File 9-0

Growing up in New York City, all of the public elementary schools and junior high schools had numbers instead of names. They also had names (I think), but nobody used those names and most people didn’t even know those names. It wasn’t until high school that your school had an actual name (like Flushing High School, in my case). Looking back, maybe this wasn’t such a bad system – just like identifying Cambridge neighborhoods by the numbers on that ~1950 map drawn up by Mark Fortune and the Planning Department staff at that time. A rose is a rose is a rose. If the residents in the currently-named Agassiz neighborhood want to make a change, so be it. The name of my Mid-Cambridge neighborhood will likely stand thanks to its lack of reference to any real person. Then again, perhaps Mark Fortune had a friend names Jonathan MidCambridge who hopefully didn’t harbor any dreadful theories.


Manager’s Agenda #10. Transmitting Communication from Louis A. DePasquale, City Manager, relative to the appropriation of $65,019,211, received from the U.S. Department of Treasury through the new Coronavirus Local Fiscal Recovery Fund (CLFRF) established by the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA), to the Grant Fund Finance Department Other Ordinary Maintenance account which will be used to ……
Charter Right – Zondervan

As the Manager says, “Funds are intended to: • Support urgent COVID-19 response efforts to continue to decrease spread of the virus and bring the pandemic under control; • Replace lost public sector revenue to strengthen support for vital public services and help retain jobs; • Support immediate economic stabilization for households and businesses; and • Address systematic public health and economic challenges that have contributed to the inequal impact of the pandemic on certain populations.”

I’m sure this won’t stop councillors from proposing all sorts of ways to break into this newfound piggy bank.


Unfinished Business #4. Live Acoustic Entertainment Ordinance. [PASSED TO SECOND READING IN COUNCIL JUNE 7, 2021; TO BE ORDAINED ON OR AFTER JUNE 21, 2021]
Ordained as Amended 9-0

This is pretty much guaranteed to be ordained, and that’s probably a good thing – even though no thought whatsoever has been paid to possible unintended consequences.

Order #1. That the City Manager is requested to direct the appropriate City staff to determine the feasibility of establishing a pilot reparations program that would take a to-be-determined percentage of revenue from local cannabis sales and distribute these monies to local Black-owned businesses and to economic empowerment applicants.   Councillor Simmons, Councillor Nolan
Charter Right – Zondervan

I suspect this violates state law, but even if it doesn’t explicitly violate state law it’s still a dreadful road to follow when you begin earmarking revenue based on race.

Order #2. That the City Council go on record in favor of filing of the attached Home Rule Petition entitled: AN ACT AUTHORIZING THE CITY OF CAMBRIDGE TO INCLUDE A BALLOT QUESTION ON THE NOVEMBER 2, 2021 MUNICIPAL BALLOT RELATIVE TO THE HOME RULE CHARTER.   Councillor Nolan, Mayor Siddiqui, Councillor Sobrinho-Wheeler, Councillor Carlone
Charter Right – Toomey

I seriously hope one of the councillors exercises his or her Charter Right to delay this. There were only two extremely-low attendance Zoom meetings on this topic, and the proposal to hand over the authority to approve all appointments to City boards and commissions is nothing more than a power grab guaranteed to politicize all City boards and destroy any possibility of proportionality in the membership of those boards. In short, if five city councillors want to have the Planning Board or any other board be 100% compliant with their point of view (or their endorsing organization’s point of view) they will be able to do so if this proposed change is approved. The other two proposed changes are benign – requiring an annual review of the City Manager’s performance and a review of the Charter every decade (unless 5 city councillor can completely control who participates in the charter review – see above).

Committee Report #1. The Ordinance Committee met on Mar 10, 2021 to continue discussion on the Real Estate Transfer Fee Home Rule Petition.
Accept Report; Placed on File; Order Adopted as Amended 9-0

The endless quest continues to raise more revenue without any regard to potential impacts. I seriously hope there are enough people in the state legislature who have the capacity to assess the cumulative effect of all these proposals, but I’m not so sure that this is the case. – Robert Winters

May 5, 2021

Cambridge InsideOut Episodes 501-502: May 4, 2021

Episode 501 – Cambridge InsideOut: May 4, 2021 (Part 1)

This episode was broadcast on May 4, 2021 at 6:00pm. Topics: candidates; charter review; School Committee; FY2022 Budget; tax abatements, budget hearings; remote participation a mixed bag; Police Department Budget. Hosts: Judy Nathans, Robert Winters [On YouTube] [audio]


Episode 502 – Cambridge InsideOut: May 4, 2021 (Part 2)

This episode was broadcast on May 4, 2021 at 6:30pm. Topics: Green Roofs Petition ordained; mandates & inefficiency; affordable homeownership and the limitations of limited equity; $500 million bond proposal; electric vehicle charging and the future; legal counsel for councillors?; Plan E Charter facts; charter reform in secret – more power, less accountability. Hosts: Judy Nathans, Robert Winters [On YouTube] [audio]

[Materials used in these episodes]

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